Naquin. "Large-Scale Performance-Driven Training Needs Assessment: A Case Study." Public Personnel Management 29.2 (2000): 253. This case study covered the assessment of needs for government performance driven training programs on a large scale for annual implementation and continual availability to employees. The purpose of this paper is to report on the methodology developed and the pilot implementation.

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5006002281

Hornik, Bryan. "Listening to Experience: 10 Steps to Successful Online Training; How Do You Reap the Benefits of Online Training While Avoiding the Pitfalls That Can Derail a Program? A Safety Training Expert Offers a Proven Strategy for Success." Occupational Hazards Apr. 2004: 41+.

This is an excellent journal article covering the selection of online training programs. It covers the methodology of choosing and implementing these programs in a useful cost-effective manner and how to implement continual assessment of programs. It does not cover pegagogy.

Ineffective Training Kills the Bottom Line." USA Today (Society for the Advancement of Education) Dec. 1998: 14.

This magazine article from USA Today details how poor training programs are not only not cost effective, but are actually counter productive. It does not include methodology.

Informal but Effective Learning." Western Mail (Cardiff, Wales): 6.

This journal article examines informal learning in a small business setting and assesses the value of training programs.

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Kozlowski, Steve W.J., et al., eds. Improving Training Effectiveness in Work Organizations. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1997.

This book is a very helpful guide to improving the effectiveness of training on the job. It details methodology, assessment practices and pedagogical theories.

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=99919581

Laird, Dugan. Approaches to Training and Development. Reading, MA: Perseus Books, 1985.

This book covers all the aspects of creating a training program, and includes considerable information concerning feedback.

Leonard, D.C. (2002). Learning Theories, a to Z. Westport, CT: Oryx Press. Retrieved October 16, 2006

This is a reference to use for the definition of terms in learning theory.

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5009502810

Long, Donna, and Renee Perrin. "Successful Training on a Shoestring Budget." Public Management Apr. 2005: 28+.

This journal article covers how to create efficient training programs on a tight budget.

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001307378

Salas, Eduardo, et al. "A Methodology for Enhancing Crew Resource Management Training." Human Factors 41.1 (1999): 161.

This journal article is aimed at the airline industry and the problem of improving crew performance with training. Sources for methodologies and pedagogical theory are included, but the precepts are not discussed.

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=106220902

Salas, Eduardo, Clint a. Bowers, and Eleana Edens, eds. Improving Teamwork in Organizations: Applications of Resource Management Training. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2001.

This book is centered upon improving the training for airline personnel, but it discusses the importance of feedback throughout the book. Actual pedagogical theory is not covered as a subject in itself, but the suggested procedures and assessments are based upon sound training principles and training methodology. It is aimed at a non-academic audience to help airline HR people devise better training programs and is written more in a prose format than a textbook or academic work.

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000979100

Salas, Eduardo, and Janis a. Cannon-Bowers. "THE SCIENCE of TRAINING: A Decade of Progress." Annual Review of Psychology (2001): 471.

This journal article covers the advances made in training during the decade from 1991-2001 and indicates the new methodologies develops, new information derived from research and changes in the industry. It include information about the best training and its components, including feedback.

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000250026

Salt, Allan. "Training Programs: The Key to Achieving ILO Goals." Monthly Labor Review 117.9 (1994): 32+.

This journal article covers the history, development and value in international training programs to international economies. It includes what types of training with what attributes are the most cost effective and give the most return on investment and even covers who will support the cost. However, there is little actual pedagogical information provided.

Serving Up Training: Sometimes the Most Effective Training Involves Only a Few Practical Principles." T&D May 2003: 35+.

This journal article details the process in the creation of the "steps" guides created for customers and employees in Zingerman's deli. It is business oriented and does not cover actual methods.

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Sexton, David, et al. "Early Intervention Inservice Training Strategies: Perceptions and Suggestions from the Field." Exceptional Children 62.6 (1996): 485+.

The purpose of this study was to examine the current status of inservice training strategies experienced by early interventionists and their perceptions about the link between training methods and, actual practice changes. More specifically, this descriptive study addressed two research questions: What are the inservice training experiences as reported by a sample of early intervention service providers? What is the perceived relative effectiveness of various training methods in promoting actual practice changes as reported...

"Developing the Learning Climate in Public Sector Training Programs." Public Personnel Management 21.3 (1992): 335+.
This article covers both the need for new training programs in the public sector, but also the valuable characteristics sought and their justification. It is aimed at training developers for the public sector.

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Sims, Ronald R. "The Enhancement of Learning in Public Sector Training Programs." Public Personnel Management 22.2 (1993): 243+.

This journal article covers how to improve public sector training programs, including certain methods which are often missing is training. Sims emphasizes that sound pedagogical theory and methodology must still underlie training programs, just as in educational settings, because the learning process is still based upon them.

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Sims, Ronald R. "Evaluating Public Sector Training Programs." Public Personnel Management 22.4 (1993): 591+.

This journal article give excellen guidelines for evaluating public sector training programs which could easily be applied to all training programs. He covers how to evaluate both the return on investment and the methodology and effectiveness of the programs.

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=24382095

Sims, Ronald R. An Experiential Learning Approach to Employee Training Systems. New York: Quorum Books, 1990.

This book is a collection of the research Sims has done concerning training programs, especially in the public sector. He includes considerable useful information on pedagogical methodology and the usefulness of feedback both to the trainees and the training designer.

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28642231

Sims, Ronald R. Reinventing Training and Development. Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 1998.

This book makes suggestions for modifiying training methods to match the current needs of employers. It covers both the developments in educational theory and the changes in industry which require modification of training programs. Sims supplies methods for evaluation and assessment of programs and covers the changes which have made modification imperative.

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000125354

Sims, Ronald R., and Serbrenia J. Sims. "Improving Training in the Public Sector." Public Personnel Management 20.1 (1991): 71+.

This article examines how to provide improved training in the pubic sector and the factors which affect training. Sims especially concentrates upon the matching of learning styles among the trainers, trainees and the methodology and materials in the programs.

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=103814332

Statt, David a. Using Psychology in Management Training: The Psychological Foundations of Management Skills. London: Routledge, 2000.

This book examines the pedagogy and methodology which is useful in management training. Statt covers a range of pedagogical and methodological theories and how they apply to management training. He includes the underlying theories.

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=14283103

Wheelan, Susan a. Facilitating Training Groups: A Guide to Leadership and Verbal Intervention Skills. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1990.

This book is a guide to training facilitation in business. Ms. Wheelan has identified a factor she titles verbal intervention, which often equates with feedback. She coved the underlying pedagogical theory and methodology attached.

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York, Darlene Eleanor. Cross-Cultural Training Programs. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey, 1994.

This book covers the problems and needs of cross-cultural training programs. It deals with the unique problems caused by the mixture of different cultures in creating and implementing effective training programs. It does not cover generic pedagogical theory or methodology.

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Zaleznik, a. Foreman Training in a Growing Enterprise. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1951.

This research is an attempt to direct a critical inquiry into the assumptions in back of supervisory training compared with the problems which confront supervisors on the job. The starting point is an acceptance of the fundamental objective of training which is to help supervisors behave more effectively." It does not cover basic educational or training theory, but concentrates upon the differences between this and other types of training.

Of these resources I have selected those with information pertaining to my selected area of study for this project, and these are cited as sources at the end of this article.

I will next discuss training and its methodology. First I need to define training, as opposed to education. An interesting definition was found in a journal article: Training is an activity related to the job and oriented toward problem solving; whereas education is preparation for a defined job in the near future. This implies that corporations will find new ways of providing training to keep abreast of advancing Information Technology (it).

Desai, Richards, and Eddy 501) it is in the needs and their origins which creates this difference.

Since the trainee's learning needs arise from their own experience, the main goal of training learning is to apply new knowledge, skills, and abilities to the solution of the trainee's practical problems."

Sims)

When designing training the trainer needs to consider a number of variables: purpose, logistical restrictions, audience…